Listen! A farmer went out to sow his seed. ... Others, like seed sown on good soil, hear the word, accept it, and produce a crop—some thirty, some sixty, some a hundred times what was sown.”
Narrative deviceThis is another parable from the J K Rowling school of "try to persuade the listener it's obvious by acting all surprised that they don't know it".
Step one. Everyone agrees Jesus told a parable about a farmer sowing seed, and most of it didn't grow, but the ones that germinated paid for the rest.
Step two. For some reason, Jesus takes the disciples aside later and says "Don’t you understand this parable? How then will you understand any parable?"
Then he explains what it means. Is this so he could talk openly without being arrested? Is it because the "meaning" of the parable was intended to be passed only orally, so the teacher can check the student's understanding or leave it open to multiple interpretations? Or the "official" meaning was only added to the story later?
The punsAfter a lot of planting corn, Jesus says “Whoever has ears to hear, let them hear.” That would be a great pun, but presumably "ear" and "ear" are different words in greek? :)
TheologyThe theology is actually strange to read about having grown up in a broadly fluffy-christian culture. People who are have a vaguely Christian background but not super-observant often have the impression that "it will all turn out ok". Which I mostly like. And people definitely play up the idea that however much it might be difficult to get saved, God will do Her/His best to make it happen somehow.
But this is one of the passages strongly suggesting most people
won't be saved, because of their own choices or bad luck. That you have to try as hard as you can just to have a good chance of being saved, and don't have any leeway to take chances with "maybe I can do this and get away with it".
Which in many ways is a much more powerful message, especially for the leader of a new sect struggling to grow rapidly in the face of persecution from the orthodox majority. "Don't quibble, come follow me
now." Even if it's a potentially strange creed for a dominant religion.
I do like that flavour -- try as hard as you can is a compelling message. But even if I like the message for me, I don't like the suggestion that of most people, most will fail, I prefer a more optimistic one.